Hezb-i Islami was overwhelmingly Ghilzai Pashtun, and backed by Pakistan president Zia ul-Haq. It gained prominence because of the battlefield success of Ahmad Shah Massoud. Jamiat was dominated by Tajiks but had a greater `tribal and regional cross section` than other groups, and was willing to seek "common ground" with non-Islamists. Rabbani and the Jamiat advocated "building of a widely based movement that would create popular support", a gradualist strategy of infiltration of society and the state apparatus to gain power. The two groups formed the two main tendencies of the Islamist movement in Afghanistan, and after the April 1978 coup and the brutality of the invading Soviet Army, the two strongest Afghan mujahideen groups in the 1980s. Hekmatyar broke away from Jamiat in 1976 to found his own party: Hezb-e Islami. Ahmad Shah Massoud directed the military wing of the party.Īhmad Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar were both early followers of Rabbani, being Kabul University students at the time. Some of its prominent commanders included Ustad Zabihullah, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Ismail Khan, Atta Muhammad Nur, Mullah Naqib and Dr. Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then a young Muslim at Kabul University became its general secretary and, later, its deputy chief. In Pakistan, Professor Rabbani gathered important people and continued to build the party. (Later Jamait lost the backing of Jamaat-e-Islami to the more purist Hezb-i Islami.
When Rabbani's arrest was ordered by Mohammad Daoud Khan in 1973, it was to Pakistan that Rabbani fled, and Jamaat-e-Islami who initially hosted him there. Led by Burhanuddin Rabbani, a professor of Islamic theology at Kabul University, it was inspired by Abul A'la Maududi and his Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. Jamiat "emerged" in 1972 from among "the informal Islamist groupings that had existed since the 1960s".
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